GRE Top 100 Vocabulary Words
The 100 hardest and most frequently tested GRE vocabulary words. Each entry includes the part of speech, a precise definition, an example sentence at GRE-level complexity, and the complete word family.
100 words ยท Part of speech ยท Definition ยท Example ยท Word family
| # | Word | Part of Speech | Definition | Example Sentence | Word Family |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | aberrant | adjective | Departing from the normal or accepted standard; deviant. | The scientist dismissed the aberrant data point as a likely artifact of measurement error. | aberrant / aberrance / aberration / aberrantly |
| 2 | abscond | verb | To leave hurriedly and secretly, typically to avoid detection or arrest. | The treasurer absconded with the organization's funds before the audit was conducted. | abscond / absconder / absconded |
| 3 | acrimony | noun | Bitterness or ill feeling, especially in speech or manner. | The negotiations collapsed amid acrimony, with each side blaming the other for the breakdown. | acrimony / acrimonious / acrimoniously |
| 4 | adumbrate | verb | To report or represent in outline; to indicate faintly; to overshadow. | The first chapter adumbrates themes that are developed fully only in the novel's final act. | adumbrate / adumbration / adumbrative |
| 5 | amalgamate | verb | To combine or unite to form one organization or structure. | The two research institutes amalgamated to pool resources and eliminate redundancy. | amalgamate / amalgamation / amalgamated |
| 6 | anachronistic | adjective | Belonging to a period other than that being portrayed; outdated. | The argument's reliance on pre-industrial economic assumptions strikes modern economists as anachronistic. | anachronistic / anachronism / anachronistically |
| 7 | antipathy | noun | A deep-seated feeling of dislike or aversion. | His antipathy toward authority figures shaped his entire approach to institutional life. | antipathy / antipathetic / antipathetically |
| 8 | apocryphal | adjective | Of doubtful authenticity; widely circulated but unlikely to be true. | Most historians regard the story as apocryphal, invented long after the events it purports to describe. | apocryphal / apocryphally / apocrypha |
| 9 | approbation | noun | Approval or praise. | The committee gave its approbation to the revised proposal, clearing the path for funding. | approbation / approbatory / approbate |
| 10 | archaic | adjective | Very old or old-fashioned; belonging to an earlier period. | The archaic syntax of the original legal document makes it nearly impossible for non-specialists to parse. | archaic / archaism / archaically / archaize |
| 11 | arduous | adjective | Involving or requiring strenuous effort; difficult and tiring. | The arduous fieldwork involved months of data collection in remote and inhospitable terrain. | arduous / arduously / arduousness |
| 12 | artless | adjective | Without guile or deception; natural and simple; without skill. | Her artless candor about the limitations of her research disarmed even her harshest critics. | artless / artlessly / artlessness / artful |
| 13 | ascetic | adjective/noun | Characterized by severe self-discipline and abstention from all forms of indulgence. | The philosopher lived an ascetic existence, rejecting material comfort in the pursuit of contemplative life. | ascetic / asceticism / ascetically |
| 14 | assiduous | adjective | Showing great care, attention, and effort; diligent and persistent. | Her assiduous preparation for the oral examination was evident in the precision of her answers. | assiduous / assiduously / assiduousness / assiduity |
| 15 | beguile | verb | To charm or enchant; to deceive or trick into doing something. | The vendor beguiled tourists with elaborate stories about the supposed antiquity of his wares. | beguile / beguiling / beguilingly / beguilement |
| 16 | belie | verb | To give a false impression of; to fail to justify. | His calm demeanor belied the anxiety he felt about the impending publication of the results. | belie / belied / belying |
| 17 | bucolic | adjective | Relating to the pleasant aspects of the countryside and rural life. | The passage evokes a bucolic ideal of rural England that the author contrasts with the grime of industrial cities. | bucolic / bucolically |
| 18 | burgeon | verb | To begin to grow or increase rapidly; to flourish. | The field of computational biology has burgeoned since the sequencing of the human genome. | burgeon / burgeoning / burgeoned |
| 19 | cacophonous | adjective | Involving or producing a harsh, discordant mixture of sounds. | The committee meeting became a cacophonous assembly of competing arguments and interruptions. | cacophonous / cacophony / cacophonously |
| 20 | calumny | noun | The making of false and defamatory statements; slander. | The politician responded to the calumny with documentary evidence refuting each accusation. | calumny / calumnious / calumniously / calumniate |
| 21 | censure | noun/verb | The expression of formal disapproval; to express severe criticism of. | The committee voted to censure the official for his repeated failures to disclose financial interests. | censure / censurable / censuring |
| 22 | chicanery | noun | The use of trickery to achieve one's purpose. | The investigation exposed the chicanery at the heart of the organization's financial reporting. | chicanery / chicane / chicaneries |
| 23 | circumlocution | noun | The use of many words where fewer would do; evasive or indirect speech. | The witness's circumlocution frustrated the examiner, who demanded direct answers. | circumlocution / circumlocutory / circumlocutious |
| 24 | cogent | adjective | Clear, logical, and convincing; powerfully persuasive. | The brief presented a cogent argument that the statute violated the constitutional separation of powers. | cogent / cogency / cogently |
| 25 | commensurate | adjective | Corresponding in size or degree; proportionate. | Salary increases were not commensurate with the additional responsibilities placed on junior staff. | commensurate / commensurately / commensurability |
| 26 | compendium | noun | A collection of concise but detailed information; a summary. | The volume serves as a compendium of current knowledge on quantum computing applications. | compendium / compendious / compendiously |
| 27 | contentious | adjective | Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial. | The redistricting proposal proved contentious, drawing sharp objections from both parties. | contentious / contentiousness / contentiously / contention |
| 28 | contrite | adjective | Feeling or expressing remorse at the recognition of one's wrongdoing. | The author's contrite tone in the preface acknowledges the significant errors in the first edition. | contrite / contritely / contrition / contriteness |
| 29 | convoluted | adjective | Extremely complex and difficult to follow; intricately coiled. | The convoluted legal argument confused the jury, who asked the judge for clarification on three occasions. | convoluted / convolution / convolutedly / convolve |
| 30 | corroborate | verb | To confirm or give support to a statement, theory, or finding. | Independent laboratories corroborated the extraordinary results before they were published. | corroborate / corroboration / corroborative / corroborated |
| 31 | cupidity | noun | Greed for money or possessions; excessive desire for wealth. | The downfall of the firm was attributed largely to the cupidity of its senior executives. | cupidity / cupidious |
| 32 | dearth | noun | A scarcity or lack of something. | There is a notable dearth of longitudinal studies on the long-term cognitive effects of the drug. | dearth / dearths |
| 33 | decorous | adjective | In keeping with good taste and propriety; polite and restrained. | The exchange of views, though spirited, remained decorous throughout the forum. | decorous / decorously / decorum / indecorous |
| 34 | deleterious | adjective | Causing harm or damage; injurious. | Chronic sleep deprivation has deleterious effects on cognitive performance and physical health. | deleterious / deleteriously / deleteriousness |
| 35 | diatribe | noun | A forceful and bitter verbal attack against someone or something. | The editorial was widely criticized as a diatribe rather than a balanced analysis. | diatribe / diatribes |
| 36 | didactic | adjective | Intended to teach, particularly in a preachy or moralistic way. | The novel's didactic tone undermines its narrative power by spelling out every moral lesson explicitly. | didactic / didactically / didacticism / didactics |
| 37 | diffident | adjective | Modest or shy due to a lack of self-confidence. | Despite her extraordinary achievements, the scientist remained diffident about receiving public recognition. | diffident / diffidence / diffidently |
| 38 | dilatory | adjective | Slow to act; intended to cause delay. | The committee's dilatory tactics effectively postponed the vote until the session ended. | dilatory / dilatorily / dilatoriness |
| 39 | discordant | adjective | Disagreeing or incongruous; inharmonious. | The discordant results from the two laboratories prompted a third independent investigation. | discordant / discordance / discordantly / discord |
| 40 | disparate | adjective | Essentially different in kind; not comparable. | The committee brought together scholars with disparate disciplinary backgrounds. | disparate / disparity / disparately / disparateness |
| 41 | effrontery | noun | Insolent or impertinent behavior; shameless boldness. | The delegate had the effrontery to claim credit for a proposal he had initially opposed. | effrontery / effronteries |
| 42 | enervate | verb | To cause someone to feel drained of energy or vitality; to weaken. | The oppressive humidity enervated the field researchers, reducing their daily productivity. | enervate / enervation / enervating / enervated |
| 43 | enigmatic | adjective | Difficult to interpret or understand; mysterious. | The author's enigmatic prose style has inspired wildly divergent critical interpretations. | enigmatic / enigmatically / enigma |
| 44 | equivocate | verb | To use ambiguous language to avoid committing oneself; to be deliberately vague. | When pressed for a clear answer, the official chose to equivocate rather than take a firm position. | equivocate / equivocation / equivocal / equivocating |
| 45 | erudite | adjective | Having or showing great knowledge or learning. | The erudite footnotes in the critical edition reveal the editor's exhaustive command of the source material. | erudite / eruditely / erudition |
| 46 | exacerbate | verb | To make a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling worse. | The policy changes are likely to exacerbate existing disparities in educational opportunity. | exacerbate / exacerbation / exacerbated |
| 47 | excoriate | verb | To criticize severely and scathingly; to remove the surface of the skin. | The review excoriated the author for his selective use of evidence and misleading framing. | excoriate / excoriation / excoriating |
| 48 | execrate | verb | To feel or express great loathing for; to curse. | The philosopher's followers execrated those who they believed had distorted his teachings. | execrate / execration / execrable / execrably |
| 49 | exonerate | verb | To officially absolve from blame or criminal charges. | New forensic evidence exonerated the defendant, who had spent eight years in prison. | exonerate / exoneration / exonerative |
| 50 | exorbitant | adjective | Unreasonably high in price or amount; far beyond what is normal. | The exorbitant cost of the specialized equipment delayed the project by two years. | exorbitant / exorbitantly / exorbitance |
| 51 | fawn | verb | To give a servile display of exaggerated flattery; to show excessive eagerness to please. | The junior staff tended to fawn over visiting dignitaries in a manner that made senior researchers uncomfortable. | fawn / fawning / fawningly |
| 52 | feckless | adjective | Lacking initiative or strength of character; irresponsible. | The report characterized the board's oversight as feckless, amounting to a complete abdication of responsibility. | feckless / fecklessly / fecklessness |
| 53 | felicitous | adjective | Well chosen or apt; pleasing and fortunate. | The editor's felicitous choice of subtitle captured the book's central argument with elegant brevity. | felicitous / felicitously / felicity |
| 54 | fervent | adjective | Having or displaying a passionate intensity. | A fervent advocate for education reform, she spent two decades lobbying for policy change. | fervent / fervency / fervently / fervor |
| 55 | gainsay | verb | To deny or contradict; to speak against or oppose. | It is difficult to gainsay the evidence in favor of the intervention when the data are this compelling. | gainsay / gainsaid / gainsaying |
| 56 | garrulous | adjective | Excessively talkative, especially on trivial matters. | The garrulous witness made it difficult for the examiner to extract relevant testimony. | garrulous / garrulously / garrulousness / garrulity |
| 57 | grandiose | adjective | Impressively large and elaborate; affectedly grand or ambitious. | The grandiose ambition of the proposal was undermined by its lack of a credible implementation plan. | grandiose / grandiosely / grandiosity / grandiose |
| 58 | gratuitous | adjective | Uncalled for; lacking good reason; given without payment. | The inclusion of gratuitous detail in the report distracted from its central argument. | gratuitous / gratuitously / gratuitousness / gratuity |
| 59 | guile | noun | Sly or cunning intelligence; craftiness. | The negotiator used guile rather than force to extract concessions from the opposing delegation. | guile / guileful / guilefully / guileless |
| 60 | harangue | noun/verb | A lengthy and aggressive speech; to lecture someone at length in an aggressive manner. | The professor's tendency to harangue students who disagreed with him created a hostile classroom atmosphere. | harangue / haranguing / harangued |
| 61 | iconoclast | noun | A person who attacks cherished beliefs or institutions; one who challenges tradition. | The physicist was an iconoclast whose theories challenged decades of accepted wisdom. | iconoclast / iconoclastic / iconoclasm / iconoclastically |
| 62 | impecunious | adjective | Having little or no money; poor. | Despite her impecunious circumstances, the graduate student produced a doctoral thesis of extraordinary quality. | impecunious / impecuniously / impecuniousness |
| 63 | imperturbable | adjective | Unable to be upset or excited; calm and composed. | The diplomat's imperturbable demeanor allowed her to conduct negotiations under extreme pressure. | imperturbable / imperturbably / imperturbability / perturbable |
| 64 | impetuous | adjective | Acting or done quickly and without thought or care; impulsive. | The impetuous decision to publish preliminary results before replication cost the researcher her credibility. | impetuous / impetuously / impetuosity |
| 65 | impugn | verb | To dispute the truth, validity, or honesty of; to call into question. | The defense attorney sought to impugn the witness's credibility by highlighting inconsistencies in her testimony. | impugn / impugned / impugning |
| 66 | impute | verb | To attribute or ascribe something, especially something undesirable, to a cause. | The failure of the project was imputed to poor planning and a lack of adequate resources. | impute / imputation / imputed / imputable |
| 67 | inchoate | adjective | Just begun and not fully formed or developed; rudimentary. | The theory remains inchoate, lacking the formal mathematical framework needed for rigorous testing. | inchoate / inchoately / inchoateness |
| 68 | inimical | adjective | Tending to obstruct or harm; unfriendly; hostile. | An environment inimical to free expression tends to produce conformity rather than innovation. | inimical / inimically |
| 69 | inveterate | adjective | Having a particular habit, activity, or interest that is deeply established; confirmed. | An inveterate skeptic, the editor subjected every submitted manuscript to the same rigorous scrutiny. | inveterate / inveterately / inveteracy |
| 70 | irascible | adjective | Having or showing a tendency to be easily angered; irritable. | The irascible temperament of the department chair made it difficult to raise concerns at faculty meetings. | irascible / irascibly / irascibility |
| 71 | laconic | adjective | Using very few words; brief and concise. | The committee's laconic statement โ 'insufficient evidence' โ ended years of costly litigation. | laconic / laconically / laconicism |
| 72 | lassitude | noun | Physical or mental weariness; lack of energy. | Chronic lassitude is one of the most commonly reported symptoms in patients with the condition. | lassitude / lassitudes |
| 73 | laud | verb | To praise highly; to extol. | Critics lauded the novel for its psychological depth and its prose style. | laud / laudable / laudatory / laudably |
| 74 | loquacious | adjective | Tending to talk a great deal; talkative. | The loquacious witness provided far more detail than the court required. | loquacious / loquaciously / loquaciousness / loquacity |
| 75 | mendacious | adjective | Not telling the truth; lying. | The commission concluded that the official's testimony had been mendacious on at least three occasions. | mendacious / mendaciously / mendaciousness / mendacity |
| 76 | misanthrope | noun | A person who dislikes humankind and avoids human society. | The satirist's writing is marked by the perspective of a misanthrope who nonetheless believes in human potential. | misanthrope / misanthropic / misanthropy / misanthropically |
| 77 | mitigate | verb | To make less severe, serious, or painful; to lessen. | Early intervention can significantly mitigate the long-term consequences of childhood poverty. | mitigate / mitigation / mitigative / unmitigated |
| 78 | nefarious | adjective | Wicked, criminal, or extremely morally wrong. | The scheme was described in court as the most nefarious financial fraud in the company's history. | nefarious / nefariously / nefariousness |
| 79 | obdurate | adjective | Stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion; hardened against persuasion. | The committee remained obdurate in its refusal to reconsider the decision despite new evidence. | obdurate / obdurately / obduracy |
| 80 | obsequious | adjective | Obedient or attentive to an excessive or servile degree. | The obsequious praise heaped upon the director by his subordinates undermined honest feedback. | obsequious / obsequiously / obsequiousness |
| 81 | obtuse | adjective | Annoyingly insensitive or slow to understand; blunt. | His obtuse response to the criticism suggested he had not read the objections carefully. | obtuse / obtusely / obtuseness |
| 82 | odious | adjective | Extremely unpleasant; repulsive. | The passage describes the character's odious behavior with barely concealed moral condemnation. | odious / odiously / odiousness / odium |
| 83 | onerous | adjective | Involving a great deal of effort, trouble, or difficulty; burdensome. | The reporting requirements attached to the grant proved onerous for smaller research organizations. | onerous / onerously / onerousness |
| 84 | ossify | verb | To turn into bone; to cease developing; to become rigid or fixed. | Without periodic reassessment, institutional practices tend to ossify into rigid bureaucratic routines. | ossify / ossification / ossified / ossifying |
| 85 | ostracize | verb | To exclude from society or a group by common consent. | The scientist was effectively ostracized by the academic community after publishing highly controversial findings. | ostracize / ostracism / ostracized |
| 86 | parsimonious | adjective | Excessively unwilling to spend money or use resources; miserly. | The agency's parsimonious approach to funding left many worthwhile projects without support. | parsimonious / parsimoniousness / parsimoniously / parsimony |
| 87 | paucity | noun | The presence of something only in small or insufficient quantities; scarcity. | A paucity of primary sources makes it difficult to reconstruct the events of this obscure period. | paucity / paucities |
| 88 | pedantic | adjective | Excessively concerned with minor details or rules; over-attentive to formalism. | The reviewer's pedantic focus on formatting issues distracted attention from the substantive arguments. | pedantic / pedantically / pedantry / pedant |
| 89 | perfidious | adjective | Deceitful and untrustworthy; guilty of betrayal. | The passage portrays the envoy as a perfidious figure who secretly reported to both sides. | perfidious / perfidiously / perfidy |
| 90 | perspicacious | adjective | Having a ready insight into things; shrewd; having keen perception. | A perspicacious reader will notice the inconsistency in the author's framing of the evidence. | perspicacious / perspicaciously / perspicacity |
| 91 | petulant | adjective | Childishly sulky or bad-tempered; irritable. | The petulant response of the panelist to mild criticism was noted by other members of the audience. | petulant / petulantly / petulance |
| 92 | philippic | noun | A bitter verbal attack; a tirade. | The op-ed read less as analysis and more as a philippic against the administration's science policy. | philippic / philippics |
| 93 | placid | adjective | Not easily upset or excited; calm and peaceful. | The researcher's placid acceptance of negative results impressed her colleagues. | placid / placidly / placidity |
| 94 | platitude | noun | A remark or statement that is unoriginal and has been made so often it is no longer interesting. | The report's conclusion amounted to little more than a collection of platitudes about the need for 'dialogue.' | platitude / platitudinous / platitudinously |
| 95 | plethora | noun | A large or excessive amount of something. | There is a plethora of studies on this topic, but few employ rigorous causal identification strategies. | plethora / plethoric |
| 96 | polemic | noun/adjective | A strong verbal or written attack on someone's opinions; of or involving such an attack. | The book is better read as a polemic than as a dispassionate scholarly analysis. | polemic / polemical / polemically / polemicist |
| 97 | pragmatic | adjective | Dealing with things sensibly and realistically rather than theoretically. | A pragmatic compromise was eventually reached that satisfied neither side fully but ended the impasse. | pragmatic / pragmatism / pragmatist / pragmatically |
| 98 | presumptuous | adjective | Failing to observe the limits of what is appropriate; overconfident. | It would be presumptuous to draw sweeping conclusions from a single pilot study. | presumptuous / presumptuously / presumptuousness / presume |
| 99 | prodigal | adjective | Spending money or resources freely and recklessly; wastefully extravagant. | The department's prodigal expenditure on equipment could not be sustained when budgets tightened. | prodigal / prodigally / prodigality |
| 100 | proliferate | verb | To increase rapidly in number; to multiply. | Online misinformation tends to proliferate during periods of public uncertainty. | proliferate / proliferation / proliferating / proliferous |
| 101 | propitious | adjective | Giving or indicating a good chance of success; favorable. | The researchers considered the political climate propitious for pursuing regulatory reform. | propitious / propitiously / propitiousness |
| 102 | querulous | adjective | Complaining in a petulant or whining manner. | The querulous tone of the correspondence suggests the author had grown frustrated with repeated rejections. | querulous / querulously / querulousness |
| 103 | recalcitrant | adjective | Having an obstinately uncooperative attitude; stubbornly resistant. | The recalcitrant institution refused to share its data despite repeated requests from the oversight body. | recalcitrant / recalcitrance / recalcitrantly |
| 104 | recondite | adjective | Not known by many people; obscure and abstruse. | The footnotes reference recondite sources that few readers outside the specialist community would recognize. | recondite / reconditely / reconditeness |
| 105 | relegate | verb | To assign to an inferior or less important position; to demote. | The reviewer suggested that the entire third chapter should be relegated to an appendix. | relegate / relegation / relegated |
| 106 | remonstrate | verb | To make a protest; to say or plead in protest. | Several faculty members remonstrated with the dean over the abrupt termination of the research program. | remonstrate / remonstration / remonstrative / remonstrance |
| 107 | repudiate | verb | To refuse to accept or be associated with; to deny the truth of. | The university formally repudiated the findings of the retracted study. | repudiate / repudiation / repudiated |
| 108 | sagacious | adjective | Having or showing keen mental discernment and good judgment; wise. | A sagacious observer would have recognized the systemic risks well before the crisis became apparent. | sagacious / sagacity / sagaciously |
| 109 | sanguine | adjective | Optimistic, especially in a difficult situation; blood-red in color. | Analysts were more sanguine about the economic outlook than the central bank's cautious projections suggested. | sanguine / sanguinely / sanguinity |
| 110 | solipsistic | adjective | Relating to the philosophical idea that only oneself exists; extremely self-centered. | The narrator's solipsistic perspective means the reader only ever receives a partial picture of events. | solipsistic / solipsism / solipsist / solipsistically |
| 111 | specious | adjective | Superficially plausible but actually wrong; misleadingly attractive. | The argument had a specious logic that initially persuaded several members of the panel. | specious / speciously / speciousness |
| 112 | splenetic | adjective | Bad-tempered; irritable and quarrelsome. | The author's splenetic attacks on his critics reveal more about his insecurity than the quality of the work. | splenetic / splenetically / spleen |
| 113 | spurious | adjective | Not being what it purports to be; false or fake; not genuine. | The review identified several spurious correlations that the original authors had misidentified as causal relationships. | spurious / spuriously / spuriousness |
| 114 | sycophant | noun | A person who acts obsequiously toward someone in order to gain advantage. | The director surrounded himself with sycophants who confirmed his views rather than challenging them. | sycophant / sycophantic / sycophancy / sycophantically |
| 115 | tenuous | adjective | Very weak or slight; lacking a sound basis; flimsy. | The connection between the two events proposed by the author is, at best, tenuous. | tenuous / tenuously / tenuousness |
| 116 | tractable | adjective | Easy to deal with; manageable; easy to control. | More tractable versions of the problem can be solved in polynomial time. | tractable / tractability / tractably / intractable |
| 117 | vacuous | adjective | Having or showing a lack of thought or intelligence; empty. | The vacuous commentary on the infographic added nothing to the data it purported to explain. | vacuous / vacuously / vacuousness / vacuity |
| 118 | venerate | verb | To regard with great respect; to revere. | Subsequent generations venerated the scientist whose work had been dismissed as heretical in her lifetime. | venerate / veneration / venerable / venerably |
| 119 | veracious | adjective | Truthful; habitually speaking the truth. | A veracious account of the events must acknowledge both the successes and failures of the program. | veracious / veraciously / veracity / veraciousness |
| 120 | verbose | adjective | Using or expressed in more words than are needed; wordy. | The verbose prose of the original report was condensed significantly for the executive summary. | verbose / verbosely / verbosity / verbose |
| 121 | vitiate | verb | To spoil or impair the quality or efficiency of; to destroy or impair the validity of. | The sampling bias was so severe that it vitiated the study's conclusions entirely. | vitiate / vitiation / vitiated |
GRE vocabulary study strategies
GRE words often share Latin or Greek roots. Knowing that 'bene-' means good, 'mal-' means bad, and '-ity' denotes a state helps you decode unfamiliar words on test day.
GRE Sentence Equivalence requires two synonyms. 'Vacuous' and 'fatuous' are both dismissive but differ in emphasis. Knowing these distinctions is what separates top scorers.
Writing your own sentence for each word forces you to understand how it functions grammatically and in context, not just its dictionary definition.
Reading The New York Review of Books, academic journals, or classical essays exposes you to GRE-level vocabulary in natural context โ the most effective long-term strategy.
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